What Causes Water Retention on Your Building and How You Can Manage It

Water retention on a building’s walls is the accumulation of moisture within the structure of the walls, either on the surface or within the building materials. This moisture can come from various sources such as rainwater, groundwater, plumbing leaks, or condensation. When water penetrates the walls, it can become trapped, causing a range of problems that affect both the appearance and the structural integrity of the building. Water retention in a building’s walls is a serious concern that can result in structural damage, unhealthy living conditions, and expensive repairs. It is crucial for those involved in real estate, such as developers, property managers, or homeowners, to understand the implications of water retention.

According to construction experts, water retention can be seen as a sign of inadequate moisture management within the building’s envelope. The building envelope is the physical barrier between the conditioned interior space and the exterior environment, including the walls, roof, windows, and doors. A well-designed building envelope should prevent water from penetrating the structure, but when it fails, water retention can occur.

Causes of Water Retention

Several factors can contribute to water retention on the walls of a building. These factors can be construction-related, environmental or maintenance failures. For instance, the use of low-quality waterproofing materials or the improper application of these materials can allow water to seep into the walls. Design flaws such as insufficient roof overhangs, improperly installed flashing, or poor drainage systems can also lead to water accumulation on walls.

When there are cracks in the walls, often caused by settling, thermal expansion, or seismic activity, can allow water to penetrate. Buildings in regions with high rainfall or humidity are particularly susceptible to water retention. Constant exposure to moisture can overwhelm even well-constructed walls. In areas with high water tables, groundwater can rise and seep through the foundation, leading to moisture problems in the walls. Poor insulation or ventilation can lead to condensation, especially in colder climates. This can cause water to collect on the interior surfaces of walls. Failure to repair minor issues such as cracks, leaks, or damaged waterproofing can allow water to enter the walls over time. Gutters, downspouts, and drainage channels that are blocked by debris can cause water to overflow and run down the walls. Landscaping that directs water towards the building, such as sloping ground or poorly placed sprinklers, can exacerbate water retention issues.

Effects of Water Retention on the Walls of a Building

Water retention in buildings can lead to a range of issues, from minor cosmetic problems to severe structural damage. Prolonged exposure to moisture can weaken materials like wood, concrete, and brick, potentially causing wood to rot, concrete to crack, and metal components to corrode. These issues can compromise the building’s structural integrity, leading to foundation problems, including settling, cracking, or even collapse in extreme cases. Additionally, water retention often results in visible damage such as staining, discolouration, and peeling paint or plaster, which detracts from the building’s appearance and necessitates frequent repairs.

Beyond structural concerns, water retention creates an environment conducive to mould and mildew growth, which can spread rapidly and pose health risks like respiratory issues and allergies. The presence of these contaminants can degrade indoor air quality, making the living environment unhealthy. Persistent moisture problems can also decrease property value, as ongoing repairs and the potential for continued issues may deter potential buyers or tenants.

How Water Retention Can Be Managed or Avoided

Effectively managing water retention in buildings involves both immediate actions and long-term strategies. The first step is to identify the source of moisture through a comprehensive inspection, including the use of moisture meters and thermal imaging to detect hidden moisture. Addressing structural issues is crucial; this includes sealing cracks and gaps in walls, foundations, and roofs, reinforcing waterproofing in vulnerable areas, and ensuring that drainage systems are functioning properly to direct water away from the building.

Reducing indoor humidity is another key aspect of managing water retention. Improving ventilation in moisture-prone areas, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and basements, can help lower humidity levels. Upgrading insulation in walls, floors, and ceilings is also important to prevent thermal bridging and condensation. In cases where mould has already developed, professional mould remediation services should be employed, followed by preventative measures like using mould-resistant paints and maintaining low indoor humidity.

To avoid future water retention issues, it is essential to use high-quality, moisture-resistant materials during construction and ensure proper building design. This includes effective drainage systems, adequate roof overhangs, and the incorporation of ventilation and insulation to minimise moisture buildup. Regular maintenance is also crucial, with routine inspections to catch potential moisture problems early, and prompt repairs to address any signs of water infiltration, such as leaks or cracks.

Landscaping plays a significant role in preventing water retention around a building. Ensuring that the ground slopes away from the foundation can prevent water from pooling near the walls, while careful placement of plants and trees can avoid root interference with the foundation. By combining these strategies, the risk of water retention and its associated damage can be significantly reduced.

***

Feature Image by Julia Khalimova for Pexels